Energy curing technologies have evolved from infancy in the 1960s and have been in a maturing phase since the 1990s. Improvements in raw materials and a better understanding of the energy curing process made a substantial impact on ink-performance characteristics and have led to increasing acceptance of the technology among printers. Energy-cured inks and coatings have re-emerged to the forefront of printing technologies as printers become increasingly interested in increased production speed, improved product properties, enhanced resistance to chemicals such as solvents or cleaners, enhanced quality, lower applied cost, cool curing on heat sensitive substrates, reduced energy requirements, less waste, and reduced space requirements.